Rabu, 03 Agustus 2011

History of Eyeglasses...

 Vintage Eyeglasses
Vintage Eyeglasses


It is unlikely that instruments for visual aid were used in ancient Egypt, Greece or Rome. Although Nero used an emerald to watch the gladiator games, he probably used it for the green color (which blocked out the sunlight). The ancient Chinese are often thought to have developed spectacles 2,000 years ago, but those lenses were only used to protect eyes from evil forces.
  1. History

    • The first visual aid instruments were developed around 1000 C.E., when reading stones (magnifying glasses) were developed to aid monks in reading and writing. The Venetians learned to produce glass reading stones that were placed on the reading material. They later began making frames with glass lenses to wear in front of the eyes. The first spectacles (frames with sidebars) were probably made between 1268 and 1289, though the name of the inventor is unknown. The earliest artistic representation of eyeglasses appeared in paintings by Tomasso da Modena in 1352. His paintings showed monks reading and copying manuscripts using magnifying glasses that were perched on the nose.

    Time Frame

    • Over time, lenses were developed to aid a variety of visual impairments. The first lenses were used for reading and to aid farsightedness. Then, in the 16th century, concave lenses were introduced to aid myopia (nearsightedness). Pope Leo X used these lenses while hunting. The use of spectacles spread from Italy to other parts of Europe including the Low Countries, Spain, Germany, France and England. Eyeglasses were expensive in Colonial America, as they had to be imported from Europe. In the 1780s, Benjamin Franklin grew weary of having to switch between distance and reading glasses. As a result, he developed what would later become known as bifocals. In 1827, London optician John Isaac Hawkins developed trifocals and patented the terms "bifocals" and "trifocals."

    Prevention/Solution

    • One of the most significant problems with eyeglasses and spectacles was how to keep them from falling off one's face. The earliest spectacles were made from quartz lenses which were set into v-shaped mountings and placed on the nose. The 17th century Spanish experimented with tying ribbons over the ears, but it never caught on. When the Italians and Spanish introduced spectacles to China, the Chinese tried adding ceramic weights to the ribbons. Finally in 1730, London optician Edward Scarlett solved the problem by developing rigid side pieces to be placed over the ears. This design spread throughout Europe and became the model for today's glasses.

    Types

    • Different types of spectacles and eyeglasses have developed throughout history. Although the terms spectacles and eyeglasses are used interchangeably today, spectacles historically referred to frames with sidebars while eyeglasses referred to lenses with no sidebars. The monocle (used to correct vision in one eye) was developed in Germany in the 1700s and came to England in the 1800s. Austrian J.F. Voigtlander made monocles in Vienna and contributed to their increasing popularity among upper-class men in Germany and Russia. Monocles continued to be popular until the end of World War I. After that, they fell out of fashion due to their associations with the German military. In the 18th century, English optician George Adams developed the lorgnette (spectacles that were held with a handle rather than placed over the ears). Lorgnettes were often artistically embellished and became popular for English ladies of fashion. Pince-nez spectacles (eyeglasses without earpieces, instead pinching the nose) first appeared in the 1840s, but became popular in the latter part of the 19th century. They came in many styles for both men and women, and they had the advantage of being easily slipped on and off.

    Considerations

    • Until recently, many Europeans (and later Americans) were reluctant to wear eyeglasses in public. The English and French considered it a stigma to admit needing visual assistance. Noblemen of England and France preferred the monocle, which they could easily and discreetly slip on and off. The Spanish, however, considered eyeglasses to be a mark of stature. They believed eyeglasses made them look intelligent and dignified. Yet even as recently as the early 20th century, optician Dr. Norburne Jenkins wrote that eyeglasses should seldom be worn in public and that glasses were particularly disfiguring to women and girls. Still, by 1914, the stigma of eyeglasses had begun to wane and glasses began to be worn in public. Tortoise shell frames became popular in the early 20th century while the prince-nez remained popular with the elderly until the 1930s. In the 1930s, Hollywood celebrities contributed to the popularity of sunglasses, causing glasses to become a mark of fashion as well as a visual aid.


Read more: History of Eyeglasses | eHow.com

Rapped Jeans IS REALLY HOT



The denim used to make jeans is one of the most durable fabrics used for clothing. Your jeans should outlast every other article of clothing you own. When ripped jeans became fashionable, they also became more costly. Now you can learn to design your own jeans. To get other tips on looking great regardless of your body size, check out How to Look Stylish.

If you prefer to rip your own jeans instead of buying a pair, follow these instructions.
Materials:
Jeans
Scissors
Sandpaper or file
Safety pin
Bleach (optional)

How to rip jeans:
  1. Wash the denim jeans. Start with slightly worn jeans if you can. If you are starting with a newly purchased pair, run the jeans through the laundry three or four times.
  2. Decide where you want the rip located. Rips on jeans should be placed at pressure points such as the knees, seat, hips and pockets. These are the areas that are frequently rubbed against the ground during your daily activities. Believe it or not, you need to be somewhat strategic when ripping jeans.
  3. Cut a small slit. With the scissors, make a small cut near the center of where you want the rip.
  4. Rub the fabric with sandpaper or file. Choose the roughest sand paper or file you can find. Rub vigorously across the area you want to rip.
  5. Shape the rip using a safety pin. If you are looking to create a hole instead of a small slit, you will need some extra help. Use the safety pin to pull loose threads. Start with the first thread to rip jeans. Insert the pin point in between the threads and slowly pull the single thread loose, then rip the thread from the jeans. Continue removing one thread at a time until you have the desired opening.
  6. Rub the fabric again. Use the sandpaper or file again to roughen the edges of the rip you created. Leave some frayed threads intact if that is the look you are going for.
  7. Wash the jeans. Once you have the desired rip, toss the jeans back into the laundry. Run them through the wash cycle at least twice. If you want, you can put a teaspoon of bleach in the water to lighten the jeans and the frayed edges.
  8. Wear the jeans. Show off your newest creation by wearing the jeans. Remember that the more you wear them, the more the rip will become worn. Soon it will look as though you’ve been wearing your favorite jeans for years.
Wear your ripped jeans fashion with pride. It may take practice to wear your jeans down to the perfect rips and tears. Start with small rips and tears and you will be able to wear ripped jeans that look like they come from a designer retailer.


Red, Pink, Green? The Meaning of Nail Polish: What Does Your Color Say About You?

Do you think that the color you choose to paint on your nails is merely a reflection of a color you think is pretty? Well, perhaps you should think again.
When you see someone with bright red nail polish, you make a judgment about that person. It may be consciously or subconsciously, but a judgment is made, nonetheless. What about when you see someone wearing black nail polish? I think you see my point.
So, before you give yourself a manicure (or have a professional do it for you), think about what impression you want to make on people. Here's a run-down of what different nail colors say about the wearer. 


Your Nail Polish Color Palette

Fire-Engine Red: You're sassy, self-assured, and not afraid to be dramatic. Bright red is a bold, look-at-me color that is a symbol for passion, fire, and confidence. You love the spotlight, and you take charge of situations.
Hot Pink: You're spunky and energetic. Pink is a color that is associated specifically with women, and hot pink lets you show your spunk and spice.
Pale Pink: Painting your nails pale pink is a subtle expression. You are likely quiet, or at least you don't want to stand out, and youthful. Pale pink is not significantly different from the color of your nails (if you're caucasian), but you still want to show your soft side.
Black: Painting your nails black is a classic symbol of anti-establishment. It doesn't mean you are depressed or going goth, but it's a way of rebelling against the norm and showing some of the darkness in your personality.
Navy Blue: This is a color of sophistication and authority. Wearing this color on your nails tells people to listen up, because you're in charge.
Aqua (Light) Blue: You're showing the youthful and calm side of your personality when you paint your nails a light blue. Aqua is a cool color, a nonchalant color.
French Manicure: You are glamorous and professional. You don't need a whole new color; your nails look good as they are, and you simply emphasize and define yourself.
Magenta: A combination of the reds, pinks, and purples, magenta is feminine but not flashy. You are vibrant and youthful, but you don't need to be the center of attention at all times.
Orange: This color is bright and vibrant, for people who want attention drawn to them. It also symbolizes autumn and the changing seasons: a time of brightness and change.
Dark Brown: A dark and rich color, this shade of brown indicates boldness and authority. You like your nails like you like your men. Just kidding.
Maroon: Maroon is a warm color, a combo of red and purple, retaining the authority of red and the confidence of purple. It's a mature, sophisticated color that, when worn on your nails, invites respect.
Coffee-Colored: You are earthy and energetic. Tan and light brown are earth tones, cool colors that bring you closer to Mother Nature.
Green: This color invokes images of vigor and the environment. Going "green" in your nail polish exudes earthiness and spunk.
Deep Purple: Purple is the color of royalty. Wearing it on your nails shows you have a confident personality, and you're not afraid to stand out from the crowd.
Lavender: You are graceful and collected. A combination of pink and purple, lavender is feminine and confident without the youthfulness of pure pink.


Alexander McQueen autumn / winter 2011/'12 Campaign


2011's Style




Cropped Tank Top



Chiffon Shirt





Cropped Tees

Bob with bangs / fringe hairstyle

As the longer bob creeps its way into our 2011 hair trends guide, the question starts to arise: if you go down the path of a shoulder-length bob, how do you keep it interesting and varied? Most of the examples we’ve seen have leaned to straight, or with a modern take on the 70s-glam blow wave. But here’s another trend that’s arising as a result of 2011′s shoulder-scraping cut: the waved bob.


With the bob in 2011 being generally longer and softer, it’s much easier to pull off a waved style with it. While 40s-inspired pin curls are one option, here’s one that’s more suited to everyday. A casual, textured, beachy wave.

How to create the waved bob

Here are the steps from Heading Out Hair’s Caterina DiBiase, working exclusively with ghd, for how you can recreate the style.
  1. Work in ghd Maximise Mousse all through the hair, then dry in.
  2. Section off the hair then use your ghd Salon Styler to create some loose, semi-curls (they need to have bend, but not be fully curly). Start curling a few inches down from the roots.
  3. Spray the hair with ghd Sea Spray to create a relaxed, beachy texture.
  4. Finally, blast the hair with a hair dryer to break it up.

Rabu, 27 Juli 2011

Fringe Trend: Would You Wear These Fake Eyelashes?

Kita telah mendengar artis selebriti dan riasan make up artist setelah memuji manfaat bulu mata palsu. Mereka mempertebal, dan memperpanjang bulu mata. dan itu menarik perhatian ke mata mereka yang bersinar dengan cara maskara tua biasa.

Kertas bulu mata, bagaimanapun, mengambil hal-bulu mata palsu secara keseluruhan untuk tingkat yang sama sekali baru. Mereka tidak hanya akan menarik perhatian ke mata kalian...